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第21期:微胶囊化桉叶油-中链脂肪酸产品作为断奶仔猪氧化锌和抗生素的替代品的研究

Use of a micro-encapsulated eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acid product as an alternative to zinc oxide and antibiotics for weaned pigs

作者:Yung-Keun Han, PhD; I. L. Hwan Hwang, PhD; Philip A. Thacker, PhD

来源:Journal of Swine Health and Production.2011;19(1):34—43

翻译:肠动力研究院   梁琦
 
摘要
【实验目的】:比较桉叶油—中链脂肪酸(E-MCFAs)、氧化锌(ZnO)和抗生素对断奶仔猪生产性能、营养物质消化率和血清化学指标的影响。
【方法和材料】:进行了三个实验。体重约7公斤阉割的断奶仔猪分为5个处理组:基础日粮;基础+抗生素(33mg/kg泰妙菌素和44mg/kg林可霉素);基础+ZnO(1500或2500mg /kg);基础+0.1%E-MCFAs(实验1和实验2)。在实验3中,添加1%硅藻土作为消化灵敏度标记物,不设置阴性对照。
【实验结果】:在实验1中(n = 24),基础日粮组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)比其他四组显著降低(P <0.05),在实验2(n = 18)中,基础日粮组仔猪的平均日增重比饲喂其他添加剂的仔猪显著降低(P <0.05)。三个实验中,饲喂四种添加剂的仔猪之间的生产性能差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂E-MCFAs日粮仔猪的粗蛋白、钙、磷、能量、赖氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸和苏氨酸的粪便表观消化率要比饲喂ZnO和抗生素(n=6)的仔猪显著提高(P<0.05)。饲喂ZnO日粮仔猪的血清锌、谷氨酸-草酰乙酸转移酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转移酶比其他处理组的猪要高(n=9)。
【启示】:桉叶油-MCFAs可以作为断奶仔猪的生长促进剂。
【关键词】:猪   生产性能  氧化锌  抗生素  桉叶油—中链脂肪酸
 
以下是实验中的相关图表
 
1:基础日粮的组成成分(%)用来评估抗生素(每33mg/kg泰妙菌素和44mg/kg林可霉素)、ZnO(1500或2500mg / kg)和桉叶油-中链脂肪酸(0.1%E-MCFAs)对断奶仔猪生产性能、营养消化率和血清化学指标的影响。
    
仔猪24天断奶,且分配在实验1中;第28天分配为实验2和实验3。实验1:第0-7天饲喂第一阶段日粮,第8-21天饲喂第二阶段日粮,第22-28天饲喂第三阶段日粮。实验2:第0-14天饲喂第一阶段日粮,第15-28天饲喂第二阶段日粮。实验3:饲喂14天的1阶段和2阶段的50:50混合日粮。
预混料中维生素和矿物质元素在日粮中的含量如下:维生素A,2000IU;维生素D3,2000IU;维生素E,100mg;维生素K,3mg;硫胺素,4mg;核黄素,7.0mg;吡哆醇,5mg;维生素B12,0.05mg;泛酸,16mg;烟酸,35mg;生物素,0.18g;叶酸,1.3mg;胆碱,350mg;铁,100mg,Cu,10mg;Mn,20mg;Zn,100mg;I,0.35mg;Se,0.2mg。
纤维素粉与抗生素,氧化锌或微囊化E-MCFAs混合。
 
表2:日粮的化学分析评估抗生素、ZnO和桉叶油-中链脂肪酸(E-MCFAs)对断奶仔猪猪生产性能、营养消化率和血清化学参数的影响
 
仔猪24天断奶,且分配在实验1中;第28天分配为实验2和实验3。实验1:第0-7天饲喂第一阶段日粮,第8-21天饲喂第二阶段日粮,第22-28天饲喂第三阶段日粮。实验2:第0-14天饲喂第一阶段日粮,第15-28天饲喂第二阶段日粮。实验3:饲喂14天的1阶段和2阶段的50:50混合日粮。基础日粮(对照组);基础+抗生素(33mg/kg泰妙菌素和44mg/kg林可霉素);基础+ZnO(1500或2500mg /kg);基础+0.1%E-MCFAs。化学测定的锌浓度如下:98,101,1465,2480和101mg/kg,分别对应:对照组,抗生素组,1500mg/kgZnO组,2500mg/kgZnO组和E-MCFAs组。所有分析结果是三个样品平均值。
 
表3:抗生素、氧化锌和桉叶油—中链脂肪酸对仔猪生产性能的影响(实验1)*
 
表4:抗生素、氧化锌和桉叶油—中链脂肪酸对仔猪生产性能的影响(实验2)* 

表5:抗生素、氧化锌和桉叶油—中链脂肪酸对仔猪生产性能的影响(实验3)* 
表6:添加抗生素、氧化锌和桉叶油—中链脂肪酸(E-MCFAs)对仔猪营养消化率的影响(实验3)*

仔猪在第28天断奶并且立即进行实验。日粮组成如表1和表2。所有的日粮包含硅藻土(Celite 545, Fluka Chemika/Biochemika,Buchs,Switzerland)作为消化标记物。实验第11,12,13,14天收集每圈猪的粪便(14头猪为1圈)。消化率的测定,每个处理只采用9圈中的6圈(n=6)。营养的消化率使用Schneider和Flat所示的指导方法计算。
abc在同一行中没有共同上标的字母在统计学上是差异显著的 (ANOVA; P < 0.05)
 
表7  抗生素、氧化锌和桉叶油—中链脂肪酸对仔猪血清化学指标的影响(实验3)*

*仔猪在第28天断奶并且立即进行实验。日粮组成如表1和表2。第14天采血。每个处理9个重复,每个重复选取1头采集(挑选最接近这窝猪平均体重的仔猪)的血样(n=9)。
abc在同一行中没有共同上标的字母在统计学上是差异显著的 (ANOVA; P < 0.05)
 
启示
 
● 基于本研究,饲喂微胶囊化E-MCFAs与饲喂抗生素或ZnO的仔猪的生长性能没有差异。
● 桉叶油-中链脂肪酸可以作为仔猪日粮的生长促进剂。
 


Summary

 
Objective: To compare the effects of eucalyptus-medium chain fatty acids (E-MCFAs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and antibiotics on performance, nutrient digestibility,and serum chemistry parameters of nursery pigs.
Materials and methods: Three experiments were conducted. Recently weaned barrows, weighing approximately 7 kg, were allotted to five treatments consisting of a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 mg per kg tiamulin and 44 mg per kg lincomycin), ZnO (1500 or 2500mg per kg), or 0.1% E-MCFAs (Experiments One and Two).In Experiment Three, 1% diatomaceous earth was added as a digestibility marker and the negative control was not usedResults: In Experiment One (n = 24), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were lower (P<0.05), while in Experiment Two (n = 18), ADG was lower (P <0.05) for pigs fed the basal diet than for
pigs fed any of the supplemented diets. In all three experiments, performance of pigs fed the four supplemented diets did not differ (P>0.05). Apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, energy, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and threonine was higher (P < .05) in the diet
supplemented with E-MCFAs than in diets supplemented with ZnO or antibiotics (n = 6). Serum zinc, glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase, and glutamic-pyruvic transferase were higher for pigs fed the ZnO-supplemented diets than for pigs fed the other two treatments (n = 9)
Implication: Eucalyptus-MCFAs can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs
 
Implications
 
•  Under the conditions of this study, growth performance of pigs supplemented with
microencapsulated E-MCFAs did not differ from that of pigs supplemented with antibiotics or
pharmacological levels of ZnO.
•  Eucalyptus-MCFAs can be used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs.




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