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第15期:中链脂肪酸而非左旋肉碱加速未吸吮初乳初生仔猪对甘油三酯利用

Medium-Chain Fatty Acids but Not L-Carnitine Accelerate the Kineticsof [14C]Triacylglycerol Utilization by Colostrum-Deprived Newborn Pigs1
 
作者:Kinam N. Heo,2 Xi Lin, In K. Han*3 and Jack Odle4
 
Department of Animal Science
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621 and *Departmentof Animal Science and Technology
Seoul National University, Suweon 441-744, South Korea

来源:Journal of Nutrition .132: 1989–1994, 2002

翻译:肠动力研究院 梁琦
 
【摘要】未吸吮母乳的新生仔猪强饲经乳化的辛酸甘油酯(14C标记)或硬脂酸甘油酯(14C标记)组成的乳化甘油三脂(TG),用来检测左旋肉碱对机体脂肪酸利用的作用效果。在评估体内脂肪酸利用之前,首先采用未添加左旋肉碱的,以大豆蛋白为基础的流食饲喂小猪一天,目的是促进脂肪酶的分泌和肠道脂肪的消化与吸收。其次给这批小猪饲喂等能量的由放射性物质标记的甘油三脂(97.7 kJ/kg0.75),一半添加左旋肉碱(1 mmol/kg0.75)制成的30%乳剂(聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇油酸酯为其乳化剂),一半不添加(具体饲喂方式见表1)。在一天之内每隔20分钟记录小猪呼出的CO2的体积和具体的放射性物质的数量(Bq/μmol)。根据14CO2呼气动力学可以计算出甘油三酯氧化利用(基于消化、吸收、氧化)的速率(mmolATP·kg-0.75·min-1)和程度 (mol ATP (mol ATP/kg0.75)。不论是否添加左旋肉碱,辛酸甘油酯的最大氧化速率和程度是硬脂酸甘油酯的3到4倍(P<0.001),与此同时,硬脂酸甘油酯达到10%和50%最大氧化速率的时间延后了1.2和1.9小时(P<0.01)。综上所述,本研究定量了:中链脂肪酸甘油酯比长链脂肪酸甘油酯提高的氧化速率,但并未确定未吸吮母乳的仔猪所能够提高脂肪最大限度氧化的左旋肉碱的量。
 
【关键词】猪  新生仔猪  左旋肉碱  甘油三酯  脂肪酸利用
 

 
  以下是实验中的相关图表
 
图1:给新生小猪饲喂 6.5 mmol/kg0.75辛酸甘油酯(碳14标记)(35.9 kBq/mmol)和2.94 mmol/kg0.75硬脂酸甘油酯(碳14标记)(81.1kBq/mmol),同时一半添加左旋肉碱(1mmol/kg0.75)制成的30%水包油型乳剂,一半不添加。之后,在一天内,测量新生仔猪呼出CO2呼气率(A)和放射性物质的数量(B)。误差线代表来自四到五个点的标准平均偏差。CO2呼气率的影响:随时间线性下降(P<0.001),处理不影响(P>0.1),特殊放射性物质CO2的影响:脂肪酸链长度的影响(P<0.001),脂肪酸链随时间的作用变化(P<0.001)。

 
 
图2:用14C标记辛酸甘油酯(35.9kBq/mmol)或利用14C标记硬脂酸甘油酯(81.1 kBq/mmol)饲喂新生仔猪(6.5和2.94 mmol/kg0.75),同时一半仔猪饲喂左旋肉碱(1 mmol/kg0.75)制成的30%乳剂,一半不饲喂,根据此此状况制作甘油酯氧化利用瞬时图像(A)和总过程图像(B)。误差线代表来自四到五个点的标准平均偏差,脂肪酸链长度的影响(A和B,P<0.001);脂肪酸链随时间的作用变化(P<0.001)。
 
 
 
表1:脂肪酸链的长度和左旋胆碱对乳化的甘油三酯利用速率和程度的影响
 
 
表2:脂肪酸链的长度和左旋胆碱对1日龄仔猪利用乳化甘油三酯的时间进程

 
 
 
            启示
 
        综上所述,基于此研究的结果表明:在短期使用小于6.5 mmol/kg0.75安全剂量的MCT时,左旋肉碱并没有实质性的增加机体对脂肪酸的氧化利用。然而,这并不能排除当新出生幼畜在饲喂MCT一段时间后,左旋肉碱可能缓解酰基中毒的效果。总的来说,该研究表明了脂肪酸链的长度(中链或是长链)对新生仔猪口服14C标记的甘油三酯的利用有很大的影响。不论是否添加左旋肉碱,辛酸甘油酯的最大氧化速率和程度(表1)是硬脂酸甘油酯的3到4倍,另外,硬脂酸甘油酯达到10%和50%最大氧化速率的时间延后了1.2和1.9小时(P<0.01)(表2)






 
Abstract
 
 Theeffectof L-carnitine on in vivo fatty acid utilization was determined using colostrum-deprived newborn piglets fed emulsified triglycerides(TG) composed of [1-14C]octanoate (tri-8:0) or [1-14C]octadecanoate (tri-18:1). A soy protein– based liquid diet devoid of L-carnitine was fed piglets for 1 d to allow development of fatty acid–metabolizing enzymes and intestinal fat digestion and absorption before assessment of in vivo fat utilization. The radiolabeled TG were fed in isoenergetic amounts (97.7 kJ/kg0.75), with or without L-carnitine (1mmol/kg0.75) as 30% (v/v) emulsions, using polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate as an emulsifier. Expired CO2 was quantified and specific radioactivity (Bq/mmol) was determined at 20-min intervals over 24 h. The rate (mmol ATP kg 0.75·min -1) and extent (mol ATP/kg0.75) of TG oxidative utilization (i.e., composite of digestion, absorption and oxidation) were calculated from the kinetics of 14CO2 expiration. The maximal rate and extent of tri-8:0 oxidation were three and fourfold greater than those of tri-18:1, respectively (P<0.001), and tri-18:1 delayed the time to reach 10 and 50% of maximal oxidation rate by 1.2 and 1.9 h (P <0.01, respectively), regardless of supplemental carnitine. Collectively, these findings quantify the accelerated oxidation of medium-chain vs. long-chain triglycerides, but fail to support a need for supplemental carnitine to maximize fat oxidation in colostrum-deprived piglets
lmplications
 
In summary, based on results from this study, L-carnitine didnot significantly increase in vivo fatty acid oxidative utilization using safe doses of MCT ( 6.5 mmol/kg0.75) over theshort term. However, it cannot be excluded that L-carnitinemay alleviate acyl intoxication when neonatal animals receiveMCT long term (15). Collectively, this study shows that fattyacid chain length (medium vs. long) has a profound effect onthe kinetics of oral [1-14C]TG utilization by newborn piglets.The maximal rate of tri-8:0 oxidative utilization (i.e., composite of digestion, absorption and oxidation) and the extent(Table 1) of utilization were three- and fourfold greater thanthat of tri-18:1, respectively, and tri-18:1 delayed the time toreach the 10 and 50% of maximal utilization rate by 1.2 and1.9 h (Table 2), respectively, regardless of carnitine supplementation
 
 





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