作者：J. Zentek1*, S. Buchheit-Renko1, F. Ferrara1, W. Vahjen1, A. G. Van Kessel2 and R. Pieper1

1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universita ̈t Berlin, Bru ̈mmerstrasse 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
2Department for Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada

来源： Cambridge University Press 2011  ISSN 1466-2523  

Animal Health Research Reviews 12(1); 83–93 Doi:10.1017/S1466252311000089

翻译：肠动力研究院

【摘要】MCFAs/ MCT 存在于许多种动物的乳脂及许多植物油中，如椰子油、棕榈仁油及萼距花属植物种子油，中链脂肪酸甘油酯（MCTs）和中链脂肪酸（MCFAs）能被仔猪高效地吸收和代谢，因此被广泛应用于仔猪营养。因为中链脂肪酸甘油酯能提供快速的仔猪亟需的能量，故在仔猪饲喂实验中，能起到超过其供能作用之外的提高生长性能等生理学效应。MCTs能被初生仔猪和哺乳仔猪的胃和胰脂酶高效水解，能在肠上皮细胞和肝脏代谢过程中快速供能。MCFAs影响肠道菌群组成和抑制食糜的有害菌的增殖，主要对沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。然而，抗菌方面大多数研究集中在体外，猪的体内实验的数据缺少。在很多动物中MCT对肠道和免疫的作用进行了研究，但对猪的研究偏少。饲料中添加8%未酯化的MCFA混合物进行过研究，但是因为其不友好的气和味影响采食量。这种状况可以通过酯化的MCFA克服，即使添加15%的MCT也不会影响采食量。含15%的MCT的日粮饲喂母猪，更低的初生仔猪死亡率，特别是初生重低的仔猪的死亡率。总结：MCFs和MCT有益于能量供给和仔猪生长性能、有益于肠道菌群的稳定，扩大了MCTs的使用范围至断奶后仔猪的健康。

【关键词】仔猪  中链脂肪酸 中链脂肪酸甘油酯 代谢 抗菌 免疫系统

以下是实验中相关图表

表1 己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸的化学特征

表2 体外实验中辛酸和癸酸对部分革兰氏阳性菌的作用综述

表3 体外实验中辛酸和癸酸对部分革兰氏阴性菌的作用综述

表4 体外实验中辛酸和癸酸对病毒、白色念珠菌、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫作用综述


 

结论

    MCFAs和MCTS能在仔猪营养中提高生长性能指标，包括仔猪成活率、采食量、饲料转化率。即使添加15%的MCT都不会造成不良影响，然而，因为MCFA的不友好的气和味儿在日粮添加受限。仔猪添加8%影响采食量等。有足够的证据表明相比于LCT的被动吸收，MCFAs作为一种非常有效的能量源，能快速直接转运至肝脏而高效氧化功能。MCFAs的抗菌和免疫调节功能需要进一步的论证。

Abstract

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are found at higher levels in milk lipids of many animal species and in the oil fraction of several plants, including coconuts, palm kernels and certain Cuphea species. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and fatty acids are efficiently absorbed and metabolized and are therefore used for piglet nutrition. They may provide instant energy and also have physiological benefits beyond their energetic value contributing to several findings of improved performance in piglet-feeding trials. MCTs are effectively hydrolyzed by gastric and pancreatic lipases in the newborn and suckling young, allowing rapid provision of energy for both enterocytes and intermediary hepatic metabolism. MCFAs affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota and have inhibitory effects on bacterial concentrations in the digesta, mainly on Salmonella and coliforms. However, most studies have been performed in vitro up to now and in vivo data in pigs are still scarce. Effects on the gut-associated and general immune function have been described in several animal species, but they have been less studied in pigs. The addition of up to 8% of a non-esterified MCFA mixture in feed has been described, but due to the sensory properties this can have a negative impact on feed intake. This may be overcome by using MCTs, allowing dietary inclusion rates up to 15%. Feeding sows with diets containing 15% MCTs resulted in a lower mortality of newborns and better development, particularly of underweight piglets. In conclusion, MCFAs and MCTs offer advantages for the improvement of energy supply and performance of piglets and may stabilize the intestinal microbiota, expanding the spectrum of feed additives supporting piglet health in the post-weaning period.

Keywords: piglets, medium-chain fatty acids, medium-chain triglycerides, metabolism, antibacterial effects, immune system

Conclusion

In conclusion, MCFAs and MCTs can be used in piglet nutrition to improve performance parameters including piglet survival, feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio. Inclu- sion levels of MCTs up to 15% are possible, whereas dietary addition of free MCFA is limited due to their negative sensory effects. Inclusion levels of 8% were described in diets for young pigs. There is good evidence indicating that MCFAs offer a highly available and efficient energy source as compared to LCT associated with their passive absorption, portal transport to liver and efficient oxidation. The contribution of the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of MCFAs to the observed performance responses are less clear and may warrant further characterization. 

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