原标题:丁酸主要通过减少细胞凋亡来刺激犊牛瘤胃粘膜发育
Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis
作者:J. MENTSCHEL1, R. LEISER2, C. MÜLLING3, C. PFARRER2AND R.CLAUS1
1FG Tierhaltung und Leistungsphysiologie, Institut för Tierhaltung und Tierzüchtung, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
2Institut för Veterinäranatomie, -histologie und -embryologie, Justus-LiebigUniversität Gießen, Germany
3Institut för Veterinäranatomie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
来源:Archiv Für Tierernaehrung, 55(2), 85–102. doi:10.1080/17450390109386185
翻译:肠动力研究院 梁琦
【摘要】在反刍动物中,丁酸可刺激瘤胃粘膜乳头生长发育已被充分证明,但丁酸对犊牛瘤胃粘膜有丝分裂和细胞凋亡的影响尚不清楚。为研究短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)对犊牛瘤胃上皮细胞的影响,试验选取9只犊牛(3周龄,均重50kg),平均分成3组,每组3头。对照组(C):喂食100g/d干草+代乳品; 丙酸组(P):饲喂100g/d干草+淀粉+丙酸盐(53-390g/d);丁酸组(B):喂食100g/d干草+甘露醇+丁酸盐(54-326g/d),同时保证试验期间三组犊牛的能量供应相同。试验为期6周。通过Ki67免疫反应性定性细胞的有丝分裂,以及用改良的TUNEL法染色和电子显微镜来检测细胞凋亡。试验结果显示,三组犊牛瘤胃粘膜乳头的长度差异显著,从1.0mm(对照组)增加到2.2mm(丙酸组)和4mm(丁酸组),究其原因可能是两种脂肪酸组(P和B组)的有丝分裂频率增加。而脂肪酸组之间的差异主要通过不同的凋亡率来解释,其中丁酸组细胞凋亡率仅为丙酸组的三分之一(P <0.001)。研究结果表明:在机体内,丁酸是犊牛瘤胃细胞凋亡的特异性抑制剂。
【关键词】有丝分裂-细胞凋亡-平衡;粘膜乳头;挥发性脂肪酸;丙酸;丁酸
以下是实验中相关图表
表1:犊牛组别,丙酸和丁酸的饲喂策略和供应量

图1:显微镜下用Ki67抗体标记的瘤胃上皮切片的图片。切片用苏木精-伊红复染。基底层中的深色细胞代表所有经历有丝分裂的细胞(例如:箭头所示)。(每个处理组用实例表示(A =对照,B =丙酸,C =丁酸)。棘层(SS)的高度以相同的顺序明显增加。棘层的尺寸由双向箭头表示。比例尺:40 um。

图2:扫描电镜下瘤胃粘膜乳头的图片。三个实例对应于对照(A),丙酸(B)和丁酸(C)。通过从侧面和顶部的斜视图,绒毛的高度从A到C相应增加。比例尺:500 um

表2:不同日粮下的犊牛瘤胃上皮乳头长度和细胞有丝分裂及凋亡活性(均值±标准误; n = 3)

图3:瘤胃乳头上皮细胞中的凋亡细胞(箭头)染成深色。取自丁酸组的实例。其中只有少数细胞被染色。它们分别位于颗粒层中。比例尺:100um。

图4:透射电子显微照片的凋亡细胞核。细胞位于靠近凝固层的上皮上层颗粒中。边缘清晰描绘的染色质浓缩(由箭头标识)和细胞核(箭头)分裂的开始可确认丁酸组上皮细胞的凋亡。比例尺:3um

图5:透射电子显微镜下凋亡细胞的典型染色质浓缩(用箭头表示)的照片。缩合发生在刚刚结合的上皮细胞(丁酸组)中已经片段化的细胞核的周围。比例尺:0.5um
Implications
丁酸是犊牛瘤胃细胞凋亡的特异性抑制剂
Abstract
In ruminants the Stimulation of papillar growth by butyric acid is well described but effects on mitosis and apoptosis are not known. To clarify the effect of short chain fatty acids three groups of three calves received a basic ration of 100 g hay per day for 6 weeks and additionally milk replacer. From these, two groups were fed with increasing amounts of the salts of either propionic acid (53 to 390 g) or butyric acid up to (54 to 326 g). The control group instead received an additional isocaloric amount of milk replacer. Mitosis was characterized by Ki67 immunoreactivity, apoptosis by a modified TUNEL assay and by electron microscopy. The feeding regimes led to significant differences of papillar length, increasing from 1.0mm (controls) to 2.2 mm (propionic acid) and 4 mm (butyric acid). This enlargement was partly explained by an increased mitotic rate for the two fatty acid groups. The difference between the fatty acid groups was mainly explained by different apoptotic rates which were only one third for butyric acid compared to propionic acid (P < 0.001). In conclusion, butyric acid is a specific inhibitor of ruminal apoptosis in vivo
Keywords: Mitosis-apoptosis-equilibrium; Papillae; Volatile fatty acids; Propionate; Butyrate
Implications
In conclusion, butyric acid is a specific inhibitor of ruminal apoptosis in vivo
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