原标题:日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯能防止断奶仔猪生长迟缓和可通过调节炎性细胞因子的产生及回肠FGF19表达和肠道乙酸发酵避免仔猪致死性感染
Dietary supplementation with tributyrin prevented weaned pigs from growth retardation and lethal infection via modulation of inflammatory cytokines production, ileal FGF19 expression, and intestinal acetate fermentation
作者:Y. Gu,2 Y. Song,2 H. Yin, S. Lin, X. Zhang, L. Che, Y. Lin, S. Xu, B. Feng, D. Wu, and Z. Fang3
来源:J. Anim. Sci. 2017.95:226–238
DOI:10.2527/jas2016.0911
翻译:肠动力研究院 梁琦
【摘要】由于断奶仔猪肠道发育不完善,免疫系统不成熟,通常会导致仔猪采食量减少,生长迟缓和断奶后腹泻。本文研究目的:①探究三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响;②研究TB调节脂多糖(LPS)攻毒仔猪免疫反应的潜在作用和机制。本实验选取240头断奶仔猪(杜×大×长),断奶日龄均为21天。实验分成4组,对照组:饲喂基础日粮;抗生素组(+AB组):基础日粮+每kg日粮补充AB 0.6g,并且每kg日粮额外添加10mg喹乙醇,20mg硫酸粘杆菌素和8mg恩拉霉素;+TB组:基础日粮+每 kg日粮添加含有51.4%丁酸的TB 2g;+AB+TB组:基础日粮+AB+TB(浓度与上述一致)。每组10个重复,每窝6只仔猪。在49日龄时,对照组和+TB组的雄性仔猪腹腔内注射LPS(25μg/ kg BW)或生理盐水(n=6),并在注射4小时后处死仔猪以收集血液,肠和食糜样品用于生化分析。实验结果显示,断奶后第1周,与对照组相比,+TB组仔猪的采食量显著提高(P <0.05),生长迟缓的仔猪的比例显著降低(P <0.05)。对于未经LPS攻毒的仔猪,与对照组相比,+TB组仔猪的回肠成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)mRNA丰度和总胆汁酸浓度显著更高(P <0.05),而在LPS攻毒后,研究人员观察到+TB组仔猪的FGF19表达量显著降低了(P <0.05)。脂多糖攻毒后的对照组仔猪,其血液中血浆肿瘤坏死因子α,IL-6浓度和结肠中大肠杆菌数量显著升高(P <0.05);与此同时,结肠杯状细胞的数量和结肠,盲肠的乙酸浓度显著降低(P <0.05),这与LPS攻毒后的+TB组仔猪中观察到的结果无明显差异(P >0.05)。总之,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯可通过增强断奶仔猪的食欲来防止生长迟缓和调节炎性细胞因子产生,回肠FGF19表达和肠道乙酸发酵来保护仔猪免于致死性感染。
【关键词】乙酸;FGF19;炎症;肠;三丁酸甘油酯
以下是实验中相关图表
表1:补充抗生素(AB)和三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对断奶仔猪体重,日增重,平均日采食量以及肉料比的影响
图1:第21至28天,三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对生长迟缓的窝群和仔猪所占百分比的影响。图A:在断奶后第一周,与-TB组相比,+TB组的生长迟缓仔猪的比例显著更低;图B:在断奶后第一周,+ TB组生长迟缓仔猪的百分比低于-TB组仔猪(P <0.05),数据为平均值±SEM。 *天数或处理组之间的差异显著(P <0.05)
图2:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对通过腹腔内注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的仔猪直肠温度的影响。图A:与0h身体温度相比,TB组仔猪以及50%的-TB组仔猪均表现出在LPS攻毒的4h后体温都升高了。-TB + LPS :不补充三丁酸甘油酯同时用LPS攻毒;+ TB + LPS:补充三丁酸甘油酯并用LPS攻毒。图B:值得注意的是,与0小时体温相比,-TB组中另外50%的仔猪在LPS攻击后4小时显示出体温降低。因此,在LPS攻毒后4小时,+ TB组中的仔猪比-TB组中的仔猪具有更高的(P <0.05)体温。 数据是平均值±SEM。a,b没有共同字母的差异显著(P <0.05)。
表2:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的仔猪的血细胞计数的影响
图3:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对通过腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的仔猪血小板(PLT)的影响。-TB-LPS:没有补充三丁酸甘油酯且未接受LPS攻毒;-TB + LPS:没有补充三丁酸甘油酯但用LPS攻毒;+ TB-LPS:补充三丁酸甘油酯但不用LPS攻毒;+ TB + LPS:补充三丁酸甘油酯并用LPS攻毒。图A:血小板计数不受TB,LPS或LPS×TB相互作用的影响(P> 0.05),图B:而-TB + LPS中血小板在4小时的血液百分比相对于0小时的血液百分比显著低于+ TB + LPS处理中的血液百分比(P <0.01)。A图中的值是平均值+垂直条表示SE。相对于0小时,4小时的PLT百分比显示在B图. *表示天数或处理组之间的差异显著(P <0.05)
表3:三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的断奶仔猪的血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和IL-6浓度的影响
表4:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对结肠组织中乙酸,丙酸和丁酸浓度的影响以及腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)对断奶仔猪盲肠食糜的影响
表5:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对通过腹腔内注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的断奶仔猪的肠绒毛高度(VH),隐窝深度(CD)和VH:CD比率的影响
表6:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)的断奶仔猪的肠道杯状细胞的影响
图4:仔猪肠道中具有代表性的图片;与没有补充TB且未用LPS(-TB-LPS; 图A)攻毒的处理组相比,在没有补充TB且用LPS(-TB + LPS; 图B)攻毒的处理组中观察到比在补充TB且用LPS攻毒的处理组(+TB + LPS; 图C)肠道具有更明显的充血现象。
图5:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的仔猪的回肠黏膜总胆汁酸水平(μmol/ g)的影响。回肠粘膜中总胆汁酸水平不受TB(P> 0.10)或LPS(P> 0.10)的影响,而受TB×LPS相互作用影响(P <0.05),与补充TB后,LPS(+ LPS)处理组的胆汁酸水平相比,LPS(-LPS)处理组中观察到的总胆汁酸水平增加(P <0.05)。+ TB :补充三丁酸甘油酯; -TB :没有补充三丁酸甘油酯。数值为均值+垂直条表示的SE。a,b没有共同字母的差异显著(P <0.05)。
表7:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)攻毒的断奶仔猪IL-6,IL-10,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),FXR和成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)的肠道表达量的影响
表8:补充三丁酸甘油酯(TB)对腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS)的断奶仔猪的肠道细菌的影响
Conclusion
总之,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯可通过增强断奶仔猪的食欲来防止生长迟缓和调节炎性细胞因子产生,回肠FGF19表达和肠道醋酸发酵来保护仔猪免于致死性感染。
Abstract
Weanling pigs, with an underdeveloped intestine and immature immune system, are usually subjected to depressed feed intake, growth retardation, and postweaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to determine 1) the growth response of weaned pigs to supplemental tributyrin (TB) and 2) the potential effects and mechanisms of TB in modulating immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. A total of 240 piglets (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) were weaned at 21 d of age to a control (basal diet), supplemented with antibiotics (AB; +AB), supplemented with TB (+TB), or with supplemental AB and TB (+AB+TB) diets, with 10 replicate pens (6 piglets/pen) per diet. At 49 d of age, male pigs from the control and +TB groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (25 μg/kg BW) or saline (n = 6) and sacrificed at 4 h after injection to collect blood, intestine, and digesta samples for biochemical analysis. There were higher (P < 0.05) feed intake and lower (P < 0.05) percentage of negative growth piglets in the +TB groups than in the control group during the first week after weaning. For piglets without LPS challenge, there were higher (P < 0.05) ileal fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) mRNA abundance and total bile acid concentrations in the +TB groups than in the control group, whereas downregulated (P < 0.05) FGF19 expression was observed in the +TB groups after LPS challenge. Lipopolysaccharide challenge in the control group increased (P < 0.05) plasma tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6 concentrations and colonic Escherichia coli amount and decreased (P < 0.05) colonic goblet cells and colonic and cecal acetate concentrations, with no differences (P > 0.05) observed between +TB groups following LPS challenge. Taken together, dietary supplementation with TB prevented growth retardation through stimulating the appetite of weaned pigs and protected piglets against lethal infection via modulation of inflammatory cytokines production, ileal FGF19 expression, and intestinal acetate fermentation.
Key words: acetate, FGF19, inflammation, intestine, tributyrin
Conclusion
In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TB prevented growth retardation throughstimulating appetite of weaned pigs and protected piglets against lethal infection via modulation of inflammatory cytokine production, ileal FGF19 expression, and intestinal acetate fermentation.
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