原标题：短链和中链脂肪酸作为断奶仔猪和保育猪饲料添加剂
Short- and medium-chain fatty acidsas a feed supplement for weaning and nursery pigs
作者：E. Hanczakowska1, A. Szewczyk2, M. Świątkiewicz1, K. Okoń3
1 National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
2 Graduate student at National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutritionand Feed Science, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
3 Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Department of Pathomorphology,
Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
来源：Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Vol. 16, No. 4 (2013), 647-654 DOI 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0092
翻译：肠动力研究院 梁琦
【摘要】本实验评估了在日粮中添加短链脂肪酸—SCFA（丙酸C3和甲酸）和中链脂肪酸—MCFA（辛酸C8和癸酸C10）组合的酸化剂对仔猪生产性能、营养表观消化率、肠道微生物群落以及小肠结构的影响。该研究对分配成5个实验组的326头仔猪展开。实验分组如下：对照组I：标准日粮组；处理组II：添加0.5%的丙酸和甲酸混合物(1:1)的标准日粮组（PF）；处理组III：PF+0.2%辛酸C8；处理组IV：PF+0.2%癸酸C10；处理组V：PF+0.2%的辛酸C8和癸酸C10混合物（1:1）。之后对小肠食糜进行营养素的表观消化率和微生物分析。同时还检测了空肠粘膜的结构。实验结果显示，在5组试验中，喂食癸酸的仔猪（处理组IV和V）的体重增加量最大。与饲喂作为酸化剂的SCFA相比，喂食MCFA的仔猪消化蛋白质和纤维显著更好（P≤0.05）。在微生物实验中发现，除产气荚膜梭菌外，仔猪肠道微生物群没有差异，SCFA致使产气荚膜梭菌的种群数量减少（处理组II）。喂食SCFA和癸酸的仔猪（处理组IV），其粘膜上皮的绒毛最高（P≤0.05）。研究结果表明：SCFA（丙酸和甲酸）与癸酸的混合物能够显著提高仔猪的生长性能。
【关键词】猪；丙酸；甲酸；辛酸；癸酸；肠组织学；肠道菌群
以下是实验中相关图表
表1：饲养仔猪的相关参数
表2：营养素的表观消化率系数，％（基于每组4个重复）。
表3：胃和肠道各部位食糜的酸度和仔猪食糜中的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量，μmol/ g食糜（基于每组6头仔猪）
表4：小肠（回肠）食糜中的微生物数量，log10CFU /（1 g食糜）（基于每组6头仔猪）
表5：回肠的粘膜上皮结构（基于每组6头仔猪）
启示
短链脂肪酸（丙酸和甲酸）与癸酸的混合物显著提高了断奶仔猪和保育猪的生产性能。SCFA与癸酸的酸化剂混合物提高了仔猪对营养素的消化率，可能是由于小肠粘膜结构的变化。
Abstract
The effect of supplementing piglet diets with acidifiers containing the short-chain fatty acids– SCFA (propionic C3 and formic) together with medium-chain fatty acids – MCFA (caprylic C8 andcapric C10) on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and small intestine structure was investigated. The study was performed on 326 piglets allocated to 5 experimental groups. They were fed a standard diet (Group I – control) or a standard diet supplemented with 0.5% propionic and formic acids (Group II – PF). Group III (PF + C8), group IV (PF + C10) and group V (PF + C8 + C10) received the same mixture as group II with a supplement of 0.2% of caprylic and/or capric acids, respectively. Apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbiological analyses were performed. The structure of jejunum mucosa was also examined. Piglets receiving capric acid (groups IV and V) had the highest body weight gains. Piglets receiving MCFA digested protein and fiber better (P≤0.05) than piglets receiving SCFA as acidifier. There was no difference in intestinal microflora except for Clostridium perfringens, the population of which was reduced by SCFA (group II). Villi of the mucosal epithelium were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in piglets receiving SCFA with capric acid (group IV). Under the conditions of this study a mixture of SCFA (propionic and formic) with capric acid significantly improves performance of piglets.
Key words: swine, propionic acid, formic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, intestinal histology, intestinal microflora
Conclusion
Mixture of short-chain fatty acids (propionic andformic) with capric acid significantly improves performance of weaning and nursery pigs. An acidifier mixture of SCFA with capric acid improves the digestibility of nutrients, probably due to structural changes in the small intestine mucosa.
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